Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

The purpose of this study is "Studying the effect of perceived e-service quality and perceived security on brand equity". The method used in this study from the point of purpose is applied research and from the point of matter is survey-descriptive research. The statistics population of this research was the students of Islamic Azad University Science and Research branch and Tehran Central branch. The sample size of the study is calculated according to the number of hidden variables and the hypotheses. Since the number of hidden variables and hypotheses is 15, 700 people is selected as the sample. The questions regard to the objectives of the study have been designed in Likert seven-option package. For data analyzing Spss22 software in two parts, descriptive and inferential statistics and to check normality of the distribution, and the hypotheses AMOS22 software is used. Delivery quality and outcome quality have been used as perceived e-service quality dimensions to investigate the process of using online services and also the outcome with which the customer is left. Based on the results obtained from the research, all of the research hypotheses are confirmed with confidence level of 95%. The results indicate that the perceived quality and perceived security formed through interaction with an online banking service positively affect customer trust and satisfaction, which in turn influence loyalty and brand equity. The results of this study suggests that marketing managers should pay attention to both the process of using the online service and the outcome of the process. Finally, they should provide their customers with the newest technology in order to secure the website. It is suggested that future researches examine different e-service quality measuring models and various statistical population in different industries.

The emergence of society at risk represents a stage in the development of modern society, in which the political, social, ecological and individual dangers that arise with the process of innovation constantly escape the protective and controlling institutions of the industrial society. Our country has always been exposed to many different dangers. In this study, we seek to study the factors affecting the perception and understanding of the risk among younger generation in Tehran. The statistical population of this research includes all young people in Tehran. The research method of this paper is quantitative method with survey technique and questionnaire tool. The sample size was 384 people. Findings of the research show that the most important risks from the perspective of young people are political-economic risks, then health-environmental, security-security and, finally, socio-cultural risks. The correlation test shows that between the trust in the future and all the components of risk, the variable of lifestyle and the components of the risk of political-economic, industrial-technological and socio-cultural risks, the variable of knowledge with the political-economic, health-environmental components And socio-cultural and variables of religiosity with political-economic, security-law, industrial-technological and socio-cultural risks. the results of regression analysis show that 38% of the changes in the dependent variable of risk can be explained by independent variables. Regression coefficients show that the confidence variable in the future has the greatest impact on the risk variable. After that, the knowledge variable, then the risky life style, and, the religiosity variable, have the most impact on the risk.

Background and Aim: Information security is a vital issue and nowadays, organizations all over the world have felt this fact. In the majority of the research conducted in this field, the role of human factor has been neglected and the past research has employed a technical approach to tackle this issue. The present article has been conducted with the aim of studying the impacts of personnel’ s perceptions about the consequences of sensitive information disclosure and personnel’ s organizational commitment on their intention to violate the information security. Materials and Methods: The sample for this research was composed of 118 physicians, working in education specialized hospitals in Isfahan, who were nonrandomly surveyed by using the scale adapted from D’ Arcy et al. for security policy, including 7 items and Allen and Meyer for organizational commitment, including 24 items. After confirming its validity by face validity, content validity and construct validity, and its reliability by Cronbach’ s alpha and composite reliability, the hypotheses were examined by using partial least square technique, using SmartPLS. Findings: The results of this study illustrated that physicians’ perceptions toward organizational policies-which is an indication of certainty and severity of sanctions against unauthorized information disclosure has a negative impact on their intention to violate information security (P<0. 001). Moreover, the results demonstrated that physicians’ perceptions about the impact of organizational commitment, consisting of affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuance commitment had no significant impact on their intention to violate information security. Ethical Considerations: Participation was voluntarily, participants’ oral consent was obtained and their identity confidentiality was also assured. Conclusion: Organizational policies in the sense of severity and certainty of the sanctions should be enhanced at the hospital and even ministry level and communicated with service providers in the health centers by using different tools.

Background: Managers of organizations to comply with ethical standards and commitment to Psychological contracts in organizations can have significant impact on perceived job security, and have organizational trust. Therefore, this study aims to predict perceptions of job security and organizational trust through ethical leadership and adherence to psychological contract is carried out.Method: Currents study is a correlation research. Population of study includes all of staffs in Isfahan Company. Sample includes 210 participants that they were selected as in access group. Data accumulated by questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and step by step regression.Results: Results showed that there are significant relationship between ethical leadership and perceived job security and Also between adherence to psychological contract and organizational trust, (p<0.01). In addition, the findings of the stepwise regression analysis showed that ethical leadership predict 24 percent of the variance in perceived job security and adherence to the psychological contract. It also predicts 4.9% of the variance organizational trust.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that organizational trust increase through ethical leadership, perceived job security, and through adherence to psychological contract. The predictive power of ethical leadership is more powerful than adherence to psychological contract.

Ensuring security in urban parks is essential to encourage public use and improve the quality of life for residents and visitors. One way to ensure security in urban spaces is to combine design strategies with the help of planned architectural and urban planning solutions to improve security and activate these spaces. In Abider Park in Sanandaj, due to the large area and the presence of many hidden blind spots, young people may feel that the police do not have the ability to be present in all parts of the park. This can lead to a decrease in the sense of security in this park. Therefore, the current study aims to determine the crime vulnerability of Abider Mountain Park in Sanandaj with the help of urban planning and architectural principles, as well as to propose solutions to increase the sense of security in urban parks. The present research is applied in terms of purpose, and the research methodology approach is a quantitative and analytical survey. Considering the research objectives, a structured questionnaire was distributed among the target community (Abider Park visitors) in December 2023, covering different aspects of the park's inherent characteristics, park design and management, and visitors' concerns. The results were analyzed using statistical tests in SPSS software version 27. The findings showed that factors such as recent incidents of crime, the presence of winding paths, and the presence of intoxicated individuals were the most influential factors in people's concerns about the occurrence of crime. In contrast, the presence of native men and women, the crowdedness of the park, the presence of non-native women, or the presence of people photographing nature the most reduced visitors' fear of crime. According to the results, the presence of police, the installation of surveillance cameras, and allowing personal vehicles to enter the park were the factors that could increase the sense of security among visitors. The results also showed that the sense of insecurity was higher among educated individuals, and social factors played a greater role in the sense of security among women (mean rank = 58.68). The findings provided cultural insights and identified specific but relatively eclectic factors to inform the improvement and enhancement of park security through revised planning, management, and supervision.

In many of today’ s cities, neighborhoods face a variety of social problems, the most important of which is the lack of social security. On the one hand, this is related to social and demographic characteristics and on the other hand, it is undeniably associated with place. The study of concepts related to urban crime is often carried out under a subfield of criminology called “ environmental criminology” . In this area, the impact of the surroundings on crime rate is investigated by identifying the relationships between urban form and neighborhood security. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the main aspects of urban form (density and land-use mix) and the level of security perceived by residents on the scale of an urban block in the neighborhoods of Shiraz Metropolitan. The data are collected from the 2011 Iranian Population and Housing Census report, Geographical Information System (GIS) databases and household questionnaire and quantitative indices. The perceived security indicator is defined and measured based on five variables: fear of crime, experience of crime occurrence, having trusted neighbors, social solidarity and incivilities. According to the results of one-way analysis of variance, there is a significant difference between blocks formed in different time periods (1966 backward, between 1966 and 1989 and from 1989 onwards) in “ fear of crime” and “ experience of crime occurrence” variables as in the newly developed neighborhoods, the averages of these two variables are less. So in the newly developed zone, the average of these two variables is lower than the other neighborhoods. The results of Pearson’ s correlation test also indicate that the “ experience of crime occurrence” variable is correlated with building density and population density inversely and directly, respectively. Moreover, the share of non-residential land-uses in the studied blocks is directly correlated with the experience of crime occurrence and the fear of crime among residents.

Formation of the informal settlements has become a global challenge in cities especially the ones in developing countries. These settlements encounter problems such as poverty, illegal land occupation, lack of infrastructures, low quality of house and etc. In the past few years, informal urban housing, and tenure insecurity have been attracting attention of the many global development organizations like UN_HABITAT, World Bank and so on. As such it leads to a steady stream of academic writings and new initiatives on the subject. Most of them intend to present solutions to solve land occupation security in order to improve living conditions in informal settlements. Recent studies believe that tenure security for low-income settlement dwellers encounter three distinct forms: tenure security as perceived by dwellers, tenure security as a legal construct and de facto tenure security. Nowadays there are two different approaches regarding the tenure security which as follow: traditional and modern approaches. Traditional approaches focus on tenure security more than legal aspect. These consider the occupation security as having title-deed for the official occupancy of a place. Although the modern approach does not negate the possibility that the title can generate tenure security, it argues that the same object can be achieved through different factors which have been called extra-legal and semi legal factors. There exists a distance between the idea of tenure security and the legal concept which has turned it into a social psychology issue. Social psychological approach shows that people’s decisions are often influenced by what they feel about a situation.Survey method is considered as the methodology of this research to achieve an objective and hypotheses test. According to this method, questionnaires was prepared and filled in Islamabad neighborhood. Finally, by using statistical techniques of factor analysis, Cronbach`s Alpha, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regressions, the main analysis of data completed. The social psychological approach is defined in a way which makes the concept of perceived tenure security.Through following these means, the same conception is shown to be composed of the perceived probability of eviction (a thinking state), the fear of eviction (a feeling state) and the lack of support networks, which are separate variables.Within the results there are positive and direct relationship between housing quality and tenure security. Since other factors such as probability of eviction, fear of eviction and lack of support networks affect the perceived occupation security of households, the legal ownership is not the whole tenure security in the neighborhood of the case study. Among these factors, lack of support networks influence the perceived tenure security of households much more than the other factors. Since informal settlements are key location of the urban poor to live, presumably the monthly income of households plays an essential role in tenure security and housing quality which can affects them. Therefore, it is recommended that the subsequent studies use the households monthly income as controlable variable in their tests in the future. The paper's outcome can be considered as the future studies' basis on the same subject.

Background and Purpose: Citizenship identity is among the crucial and fundamental components of social and cultural development in modern societies. It encompasses a set of rights and responsibilities that individuals hold about other citizens, institutional organizations, and society as a whole. Components of security feeling are among the key determinants of citizenship identity. The present study aims to sociologically analyze the impact of perceived security components on citizenship identity among citizens of Doroud City, Iran. Method: The study employs a sociological explanatory approach to analyze the impact of perceived security on citizen identity. It is applied in terms of research objective, extensive in terms of scope, micro in terms of range, and a cross-sectional study in terms of time. The study sample consists of citizens of Doroud City. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire, and SPSS and LISREL were used for descriptive and inferential data analysis. The sample size for this study is 385. Findings: The research findings indicate significant relationships between the variables of cultural security, social security feeling, economic security, political security feeling, and psychological security feeling with citizenship identity. The results indicate that there is a significant correlation of 0.76 between cultural security and citizenship identity, 0.71 between social security and citizenship identity, 0.64 between economic security and citizenship identity, 0.62 between political security and citizenship identity, 0.57 between psychological security and citizenship identity, and 0.53 between psychological security and citizenship identity among Doroud citizens.  Conclusion: The results of the regression analysis also indicate that perceived security has a determining impact on citizenship identity. The results of the regression analysis of perceived security on citizenship identity indicate that in total, the independent variables of the study were able to explain 0.621 of the changes in the dependent variable, which is citizenship identity. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that social and cultural policymaking with careful community-based considerations and based on the formation of multiple components of citizenship security may provide appropriate platforms for institutionalizing citizenship identity and involvement of citizens and participation in activities with civic affiliations and commitments.